#+title: denote-search: a simple search utility for Denote #+author: Lucas Quintana #+email: lmq10@protonmail.com #+language: en #+options: ':t toc:nil author:t email:t num:t #+startup: content #+macro: stable-version 1.0.3 #+macro: release-date 2025-03-02 #+export_file_name: denote-search.texi #+texinfo_filename: denote-search.info #+texinfo_dir_category: Emacs misc features #+texinfo_dir_title: Denote Search: (denote-search) #+texinfo_dir_desc: A simple search utility for Denote #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINER Lucas Quintana #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{lmq10@protonmail.com} #+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:lmq10@protonmail.com,contact the maintainer} #+texinfo: @insertcopying This manual, written by Lucas Quintana, describes the customization options for the Emacs package called ~denote-search~ (or =denote-search.el=), and provides every other piece of information pertinent to it. The documentation furnished herein corresponds to stable version {{{stable-version}}}, released on {{{release-date}}}. #+toc: headlines 8 * COPYING :PROPERTIES: :COPYING: t :END: Copyright (C) 2024-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc. #+begin_quote Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual.” #+end_quote * Overview This package provides a simple search utility for the excellent ~denote~ program, the simple-to-use, focused-in-scope, and effective note-taking tool for Emacs (see [[info:denote#Top]]). ~denote-search~ allows you to search for a regular expression in the contents of your notes. Once the results are populated, you are presented with a buffer from which you can refine the search (that is, search in the matched files), jump to a certain file using imenu, exclude certain files from the search, or search only certain files. All commands provided by Xref are available as well (see info:emacs#Xref). ~denote-search~ approach has several advantages over similar tools (~consult-grep~, ~consult-notes~, ~grep~, and so on): - It allows to search in the files matched by a previous search, which as far as I know is not possible with other similar packages. - It allows to search in the files referenced in a region, with the command ~denote-search-files-referenced-in-region~. That is great for metanotes, shell outputs of =ls=, and more. - It also allows to search in marked Dired files, with the command ~denote-search-marked-dired-files~. - It doesn't rely on the minibuffer to output results, and it thus doesn't need a completion stack in order to work (~helm~, ~vertico+consult~, etc.). - In fact, ~denote-search~ doesn't rely on any external package other than Denote. - Unlike ~grep~, it allows excluding (or including only) certain files on-demand, without command-line gimmicks. - It uses pretty file titles by default (and can be customized to show keywords or basically any other information as well). Furthermore, ~denote-search~ has a small and simple codebase. It is designed to do one thing and one thing only: to search in your notes. * Motivation I wrote ~denote-search~ because I needed a simple tool to search my personal knowledge database, which of course is managed with Denote. Available options, such as ~consult-notes~, almost always used the minibuffer to display results. Which is fine, it works, but it is sort of annoying on small screens. In fact, I hacked the first version of ~denote-search~ on Emacs for Android, in a time where I didn't have a laptop with me. Don't take those things as granted, trust me. I was mainly inspired by Howm[fn:1], a really great note-taking tool, also made for Emacs. It has a life-changing approach to notes: it doesn't matter where do you store your information as long as you can retrieve it later. "Write fragmentarily and read collectively", that is. Howm has thus powerful search facilities built-in, some of which (filtering and excluding/including files) I reimplemented in ~denote-search~. I'm very happy now ^_^ * Points of entry #+findex: denote-search The main point of entry of this package is the ~denote-search~ command. This command will prompt for a string. You should input a valid regular expression, as understood by the tool which will actually perform the search. Which program that is depends on the value of ~xref-search-program~, and its arguments are taken from ~xref-search-program-alist~. Note that ~denote-search~ is really just a wrapper for Xref, albeit an useful one, so anything related to the actual search results is the matter (for bad or for good) of that library and/or the program it calls. Once the (synchronous) search is over, a new buffer populated with the results, if any, will be made current. On that buffer, the user will be able to perform several potentially useful actions, including filtering the output (see [[#filtering-the-search-results][filtering the search results]]) and searching in the matched files (see [[#focused-search][focused search]]). History is available when searching. Press ~M-p~ (~previous-history-element~) to view past queries. There are two additional commands that can start a search: ~denote-search-marked-dired-files~ and ~denote-search-files-referenced-in-region~. They allow searching a restricted subset of files and are described in the next sections. ** Searching in marked Dired files #+findex: denote-search-marked-dired-files The command ~denote-search-marked-dired-files~ acts just like ~denote-search~, but it restricts the search to the files marked in current Dired buffer (see [[info:emacs#Marks vs Flags][Marks vs Flags]]). This is useful if you only want to search some files, though depending on the case maybe you'd be better served by our built-in filtering capabilities; see [[#filtering-the-search-results][filtering the search results]]. This works well in tandem with the Denote command ~denote-sort-dired~, which produces a Dired buffer with files matching a regexp. So, generating that buffer and then pressing ~t~ (~dired-toggle-marks~) will enable you to use ~denote-search-marked-dired-files~ to search on those files. Again, using the filtering functionality available for the results buffer should suit you better, but you have options. ** Searching in files referenced in a region #+findex: denote-search-files-referenced-in-region The command ~denote-search-files-referenced-in-region~ may seem odd at first, but it's probably the most useful one. It allows you to search in a set of notes referenced in a buffer. What does that means? Well, it means that any buffer can serve as the source for the set of files to search for; you just need Denote IDs written somewhere, and the command will recognize them as files and search in them. But let's look at an example. Probably, you already have a note with a section that resembles this: #+begin_src org ,* See also - An amazing note - Another amazing note - Yet another amazing note #+end_src Those notes are links and are highlighted as such, so internally they look like this: #+begin_src org ,* See also - [[denote:20231205T202124][An amazing note]] - [[denote:20230720T154224][Another amazing note]] - [[denote:20230719T194132][Yet another amazing note]] #+end_src That ~20231205T202124~ bit is the Denote ID. That's the only thing our command needs to recognize a note. So, you just need to select the section (with the mouse or ~C-SPC~, whichever you like the most) and call ~denote-search-files-referenced-in-region~. It will prompt for a regexp just like ~denote-search~, but it will only search the files selected. This is useful for searching in notes linked in Org dynamic blocks (first mark the block with ~org-babel-mark-block~), or for searching something in linked notes in general (first mark the whole buffer with ~mark-whole-buffer~, bound to ~C-x h~). This works everywhere. If you had notes with the exact same IDs as the ones depicted previously, you could select them in this very same Info buffer (assuming you are reading this in Emacs) and search something in them right away. As the Denote ID is included in file names, you can also use this command on Dired, on a shell output of ls from ~async-shell-command~, and so on. It's on those cases where you can grasp how powerful the Denote file-naming scheme is. * Navigating the search results To navigate the results buffer, you can use the standard Xref commands (see [[info:emacs#Xref Commands][Xref Commands]]). So, for instance, ~n~ moves you to the next hit and displays it in another window, and ~p~ does the same for the previous one. ~N~ moves you to the next file, while ~P~ moves you to the previous one. Aside from that, ~denote-search~ by default enables ~outline-minor-mode~ in the results buffer, and so additional facilities are available. You can fold file matches with TAB (~outline-cycle~), in a similar fashion as an Org tree. You can also navigate all the files using ~imenu~ or an enhanced front-end such as ~consult-imenu~. ~consult-outline~ also works here. You can press ~a~ (~outline-cycle-buffer~) to fold all files. This can give you a quick overlook of all the files that matched the search. If there are many, you can proceed to filter the output (see [[#filtering-the-search-results][filtering the search results]]). Press ~l~ (~recenter-current-error~) to recenter current search focus shown in the other window. Press ~o~ (~delete-other-windows~) to close other windows displayed in the frame. * Filtering the search results :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: filtering-the-search-results :END: #+findex: denote-search-exclude-files On the results buffer, you can press ~x~ (~denote-search-exclude-files~) to exclude certain files from the search. The command will prompt for a regular expression. Once given, the last search query will be re-run, but excluding all the files that match the regular expression given. For instance, you can input =_philosophy= to exclude all the notes with the "philosophy" keyword. Or you can input =-emacs= to exclude all the notes that have "emacs" in their title. Or you can input =org$= to exclude Org files. And so on. #+findex: denote-search-include-files You can press ~i~ (~denote-search-only-include-files~) for the opposite operation; it will prompt for a regular expression, and then re-run the search, but only on the files matched by the regular expression given. These commands always act as if the files matched by the last search were all the Denote files in existence. This has a great advantage; you can chain them in any way you want. You can, for example, press ~i~ and input =_emacs=, and then press ~x~ and input =_philosophy=. The resulting buffer will have all the notes which have the keyword "emacs" but not the keyword "philosophy", and will then display the matches for the search query you made originally only for those specific files. You can of course keep filtering further. To "break the chain" and start a totally new search, you can simply call ~denote-search~, which is bound to ~s~ in the results buffer for convenience. It's possible that you don't want to start a new search, but rather to search something on the curated file list you got. See [[#focused-search][focused search]]. #+findex: denote-search-exclude-files-with-keywords #+findex: denote-search-only-include-files-with-keywords Filtering by keywords is such a common operation that two special commands exist just for that: ~X~ (~denote-search-exclude-files-with-keywords~) and ~I~ (~denote-search-only-include-files-with-keywords~). They are equivalent to calling its regular counterparts and issuing a word with a leading underscore; however, they also offer completion for available keywords (using ~denote-keywords~, so its actual behaviour is governed by the variables ~denote-infer-keywords~ and ~denote-known-keywords~). But the main advantage is that they allow issuing multiple keywords at once, separated by commas (or whatever the value of ~crm-separator~ is, which should be a comma). History is available when filtering. Press ~M-p~ (~previous-history-element~) to view past queries. This history is kept separately from that available when searching. In the case of keyword filtering, history is shared with other Denote keyword prompts. #+findex: denote-search-clean-all-filters To get rid of all filters, just type ~G~ (~denote-search-clean-all-filters~). This simply re-runs the last search on the full set of Denote files. Note that this differs from ~g~ (~revert-buffer~), which re-runs the last search on the same set of files (i.e. with filters applied). * Focused search :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: focused-search :END: A "focused search" is a search which is run against a set of files matched by a previous search. There are many use-cases for this, including searching for a note that you know has two or three very specific words, probably on different lines. #+findex: denote-search-refine On the results buffer, press ~f~ (~denote-search-refine~) to start a focused search. The command will prompt for a regular expression. Once given, it will be searched in the files matched by the last search. The buffer will be properly updated and will show the matches found. Note that this feature, combined with the filtering capabilities offered by this package (see [[#filtering-the-search-results][filtering the search results]]), can be very powerful. Let's look at a complex example, which would be nearly impossible with other tools: search for all the mentions of "quantum mechanics" in notes with the "science" keyword, without the "personal" keyword, and which mention "Maxwell" somewhere in the text. The procedure is as follows: - =M-x denote-search RET maxwell RET= [fn:3] - =i _science RET= - =x _personal RET= - =f quantum mechanics RET= There it is, a really complex task is done in four straightforward steps. And all without external and platform-specific programs such as xapian! * Editing files ~denote-search~ is designed only for finding information in your knowledge database, not for changing it. You can open the files (with ~RET~, ~n~ or otherwise) and edit them as usual. There's a special editing feature offered by Xref, though. You can press ~r~ (~xref-query-replace-in-results~) to replace the search query (naturally as a regular expression) in the files matched; the interface is similar to that of ~query-replace-regexp~. This works in the files then displayed in the results buffer, so you can filter and fine-grain as usual to come with the replace command you wish. Maybe replace all the occurences of "Vim" with "Emacs" in notes with the keyword "programming" but not in notes with the keyword "personal", and only in files which mention "GNU"? The sky is the limit! * Customization Although ~denote-search~ is designed to be simple and require no special configuration, some options are available. ** Format of headings By default, ~denote-search~ uses the pretty title found in the front-matter to format note headings in the results buffer. This is pleasent to the eye and shouldn't impact performance (the bottleneck is always the search itself). #+vindex: denote-search-format-heading-function You can change how headings are formatted by customizing the ~denote-search-format-heading-function~ variable. It must be set to a function which takes a single argument, the file path, and returns the desired string for the heading. #+findex: denote-search-extract-title #+vindex: denote-search-untitled-string By default, ~denote-search-extract-title~ is used, which produces the aforementioned behaviour. If it fails to find a suitable title for a note, it uses the value of ~denote-search-untitled-string~. You can customize that, as well. #+findex: denote-search-format-heading-with-keywords This package also offers an alternative function, called ~denote-search-format-heading-with-keywords~. If used as the heading formatter, it adds keywords to the file title. This isn't the default merely to not clutter the view, but many users may prefer it. You can write custom functions to display pretty much everything you want in the headings. Just keep in mind that the function is called for every single matched file, so for large collection of notes, it can indeed impact performance if you use complex code. ** Other options #+vindex: denote-search-buffer-name You can customize the name of the buffer where results are put using the variable ~denote-search-buffer-name~. #+vindex: denote-search-help-string By default, the results buffer has a header line which displays information about the search and a short help string. Once you know the commands by heart, you can set the variable ~denote-search-help-string~ to nil or a void string to disable the help. * Working with silos If silos (see [[info:denote#Maintain separate directory silos for notes][denote#Maintain separate directory silos for notes]]) are set up correctly (that is, with a =.dir-locals.el= file that sets a value for ~denote-directory~), then ~denote-search~ should correctly search in the contents of the silo when inside of it, without additional configuration. * Installation ** GNU ELPA package The package is available as denote-search. Simply do: : M-x package-refresh-contents : M-x package-install And search for it. ** VC installation You can install the package from source by evaluating the following code: #+begin_src elisp (package-vc-install '(denote-search :url "https://github.com/lmq-10/denote-search" :doc "README.org")) #+end_src Alternatively, you can use the :vc keyword from use-package. ** Manual installation :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: manual-installation :END: Assuming your Emacs files are found in =~/.emacs.d/=, execute the following commands in a shell prompt: #+begin_src sh cd ~/.emacs.d # Create a directory for manually-installed packages mkdir manual-packages # Go to the new directory cd manual-packages # Clone this repo, naming it "denote-search" git clone https://github.com/lmq-10/denote-search denote-search #+end_src Finally, in your =init.el= (or equivalent) evaluate this: #+begin_src emacs-lisp ;; Make Elisp files in that directory available to the user. (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/manual-packages/denote-search") #+end_src Everything is in place to set up the package. * Sample configuration :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: sample-configuration :END: #+begin_src elisp (use-package denote-search :ensure t :bind ;; Customize keybindings to your liking (("C-c s s" . denote-search) ("C-c s d" . denote-search-marked-dired-files) ("C-c s r" . denote-search-files-referenced-in-region)) :custom ;; Disable help string (set it once you learn the commands) ;; (denote-search-help-string "") ;; Display keywords in results buffer (denote-search-format-heading-function #'denote-search-format-heading-with-keywords)) #+end_src * Troubleshooting Fixes for some common issues. ** Search is slow Search is not managed by ~denote-search~, but rather by ~xref~. Check the value of ~xref-search-program~. Changing it to =ripgrep= (after installing it of course) can improve the speed. * Acknowledgements ~denote-search~, just like Denote itself, is meant to be a collective effort. Every bit of help matters. + Author/maintainer :: Lucas Quintana. + Contributions to code :: Grant Rettke, Philip Kaludercic. If ~denote-search~ exists it's because Protesilaos Stavrou developed the incredible Denote package. Please consider donating to him.[fn:2] I also want to thank Richard Stallman (creator of GNU Emacs), Po Lu (who ported it to Android, allowing me to write the first version of ~denote-search~) and Hiraoka Kazuyuki (author of Howm, from which this package borrows some ideas). This wouldn't be possible without them, either. * GNU Free Documentation License :PROPERTIES: :APPENDIX: t :END: #+texinfo: @include doclicense.texi #+begin_export html
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You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
Entitled "Endorsements".
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
11. RELICENSING
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
part, as part of another Document.
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or
in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
(2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
#+end_export
#+html:
* Footnotes
[fn:3] You'll probably bind ~denote-search~ to something comfortable, see [[#sample-configuration][Sample configuration]]
[fn:1] https://kaorahi.github.io/howm/
[fn:2] https://protesilaos.com/donations/